Learning Experience
Most class time is spent on discussion, problem-solving and application rather than lecture.
Students regularly learn through projects, cases or simulations tied to real contexts.
Foundational content is available before class so contact time can be used for application.
Redesign one high-enrolment course so that class time is used for application, starting with a flipped module and structured active learning sessions.
Graduate Capability
Programme outcomes explicitly name capabilities such as critical thinking, collaboration and leadership.
Students are taught and assessed on these capabilities, not only on subject knowledge.
Graduates can show evidence of capability through portfolios, project outputs or employer feedback.
Define a capability framework for one programme and build it into assessment rubrics, so students graduate with evidence they can show employers.
Industry Alignment
Students work on live problems sourced from employers or community organisations.
Employers are involved in designing, mentoring or assessing student work.
Programmes are reviewed against changing workplace expectations at least once a year.
Set up a small, managed Talent Bridge pipeline of industry projects for one cohort, with clear scoping, a faculty contact per project and employer feedback built in.
Faculty Transformation
Faculty have been trained in active, project-based or flipped teaching approaches.
Faculty have time, resources and support to redesign their courses.
There is a community of practice where faculty share what works.
Start with an Educator Edge faculty cohort for the pilot: practical training, ready-to-use session designs and coaching through the first semester.
Outcomes & Evidence
Course and programme outcomes are mapped (OBE) and assessed systematically.
You can produce accreditation-ready evidence of learning outcomes without a last-minute scramble.
Data on engagement and capability is reviewed and used to improve programmes.
Agree pilot success measures in advance and capture evidence throughout the semester in ProofFolio, mapped to your OBE and accreditation requirements.
Not in place
Emerging
Developing
Established
Embedded
Early stageTraditional teaching is still the dominant model. A focused Launchpad Pilot is the fastest way to build momentum and evidence.
EmergingThere are promising initiatives, but they are not yet connected or consistent across programmes.
DevelopingStrong foundations are in place. The opportunity is to connect them and scale what works with Scale Studio.
AdvancedYour institution is well placed. The focus now is consistency, evidence and institution-wide scale.
Institution profileAbout your institution
A short profile so your report reads your results in the context of your country, size and disciplines.
Pre-Learn and digital learningPre-Learn and digital learning
Pre-Learn is the content students work through before class, so contact time can go to application. These answers produce your Pre-Learn Maturity Index.
Transformation contextYour transformation context
What stands in the way, what you are accountable to and how soon you want to move. These shape the roadmap in your report.
Type of institution
Public or state university
Private university
Autonomous or deemed-to-be university
Affiliated or constituent college
Business or professional school
Technical, polytechnic or community college
Other
Total student enrolment
Under 2,000
2,000 to 10,000
10,000 to 30,000
Over 30,000
Main discipline areas
Choose up to three.
Engineering and technology
Business and management
Medicine and health sciences
Natural and computer sciences
Arts, humanities and social sciences
Law
Education
Design and architecture
Multidisciplinary
Your role in academic decisions
Institutional leadership (VC, President, Provost, Registrar)
Dean, director or head of department
Quality, IQAC or accreditation
Learning design or educational technology
Faculty member
Other
Type of Pre-Learn content provided to students
Select every format your faculty use today, even in a few courses.
PPT or slide decks
Hand notes or typed lecture notes
E-books, articles or reading packs
Videos recorded by faculty
Curated open videos (YouTube, MOOCs)
Podcasts or audio lessons
In-video questions
Pre-class quizzes or self-checks
Simulations or virtual labs
AI avatar videos
AI tutor or chatbot for pre-class questions
Adaptive or personalised learning paths
No structured Pre-Learn content yet
Share of courses with structured Pre-Learn
None
Under 10%
10% to 30%
30% to 60%
Over 60%
How do you know students completed their Pre-Learn?
We do not track it
A verbal or show-of-hands check in class
LMS views or downloads
Graded pre-class quiz or in-video questions
Analytics dashboard with follow-up for non-completers
Typical Pre-Learn completion rate
Below 25%
25% to 50%
50% to 75%
Above 75%
Not measured
Main learning platform (LMS)
Moodle
Canvas
Blackboard
D2L Brightspace
Google Classroom
Microsoft Teams
In-house or other platform
No institution-wide LMS
Your institution's position on generative AI in teaching
Not addressed yet
Individual faculty experiment informally
Published guidelines for staff and students
Institution-wide strategy with faculty training
Biggest barriers to changing how teaching works
Choose up to three.
Faculty time and workload
Faculty skills and confidence
Large classes or rigid timetables
Examination and assessment regulations
Student readiness or resistance
Classrooms and digital infrastructure
Budget
Leadership alignment
Measuring the impact
Accreditation and ranking frameworks you report to
Select all that apply.
NAAC
NBA
NIRF
ABET
AACSB
EQUIS or AMBA
National quality agency (QAA, TEQSA, CHEA or similar)
QS or THE rankings
None at present
When do you plan to act?
Exploring options
Start within 6 months
Start within 12 months
Already under way, ready to scale
The one outcome you most want to improve in the next two years
Static resources
Recorded media
Interactive
AI-enabled
Content sharingMaterials are shared before class, but there is little structure, interaction or evidence that students use them.
StructuredPre-Learn exists in a planned way in some courses. The next step is making it interactive and measurable.
InteractiveStudents engage with Pre-Learn and faculty can see who has prepared. The opportunity is scale and personalisation.
IntelligentPre-Learn is rich, tracked and increasingly personalised. Focus on using the data to shape every class session.
Start with one flipped module: three or four faculty videos of six to ten minutes, a short reading and a five-question check before each class.
Turn your most-used slide decks into short faculty-recorded videos, so students arrive having heard the explanation, not just seen the slides.
Add in-video questions or a short pre-class quiz to existing content, so faculty can see who understood what before class begins.
Link Pre-Learn to a low-stakes graded check and review completion data before each session.
Make Pre-Learn essential to the class: open each session with a task that only works if students have prepared.
Set a target for structured Pre-Learn in a defined group of courses, such as all first-year core courses, and give faculty time to build it.
Pilot AI avatar videos or an AI tutor in one course to produce updatable, multilingual Pre-Learn at scale, with faculty reviewing every output.
Publish guidelines for AI-generated learning content: who reviews it, how accuracy is checked and how students are told.
Your Pre-Learn ecosystem is mature. Use pre-class data to personalise in-class activities and share the model across departments.
Answer the questions marked as required to continue.
Optional
You can choose up to three. Clear one to pick another.
Select your country
For example: employability of engineering graduates, or NAAC criterion 2 evidence
Section
Pre-Learn Maturity Index
Pre-Learn recommendations
Download PDF report
Your six-page ReadyScan report with scores, infographics and a phased roadmap, ready to share with your leadership team.
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Area
How well does each statement describe your institution today?
Answer every statement to continue.
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Continue to your results
Where should we send your results?
Your score, Pre-Learn Maturity Index, key gaps and recommended priorities appear on the next screen, with a downloadable PDF report. We can also walk you through it in a short strategy conversation.
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Transformation readiness:
Your results by area
Key gaps
Recommended priorities
Turn these priorities into a plan
In a strategy conversation we go through your results, test them against your context and outline what a Launchpad Pilot could look like.
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Institutional strategy and learning transformation.
Skills, employability and changing employer expectations.
How students learn, engage and prepare for careers.
PBL, active learning, flipped classrooms and industry projects.
What university leaders need to rethink.
Live industry projects are among the most valuable experiences a university can offer, but they rarely succeed as a one-off assignment. Kuh (2008) lists internships and capstone projects among the “high-impact practices” associated with deeper learning and persistence, with an important condition: they only have that impact when they are done well. Institutions that sustain live-project learning treat it as operating infrastructure, not an occasional favour from a friendly employer.
Start with a sourcing pipeline, not a single partner
Relying on one or two employer relationships collapses the moment a champion changes jobs. A durable pipeline draws on alumni networks, regional business associations, public bodies and non-profits, with a simple intake process that lets any organisation propose a challenge.
Scope projects so they can be assessed
Live problems are messy by nature. Translate open-ended challenges into milestones that fit the academic calendar: problem framing, stakeholder interviews, prototype or analysis, and a client-facing presentation. Faculty can then assess rigorously without managing the client relationship day to day.
Protect the employer experience
- Assign a single faculty point of contact per project
- Agree student availability and response times at the start
- Ask every partner for short feedback at the end of each cohort
What changes for students
The substance of the work matters. In the National Association of Colleges and Employers’ survey of graduating US seniors in 2019, 57.5% of those who had completed an internship had received a job offer, compared with 43.7% of those who had not, and paid internships, where students reported doing more substantive professional work, performed better still. The lesson applies anywhere: students benefit most when they do real work for real clients, and leave with concrete outputs to discuss with employers.
References
- Kuh, G. D. (2008). High-impact educational practices: What they are, who has access to them, and why they matter. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges and Universities.
- National Association of Colleges and Employers (2019). Class of 2019 Student Survey. Bethlehem, PA: NACE.
“Active learning” describes everything from a two-minute pair discussion to a full problem-based curriculum, which makes the evidence easy to misread. The overall case is strong: in a meta-analysis of 225 studies of undergraduate science, engineering and mathematics courses, Freeman et al. (2014) found that exam performance improved by almost half a standard deviation under active learning, and that failure rates were 55% higher under traditional lecturing. The techniques with the most consistent support share a few design features.
Retrieval beats re-reading
Dunlosky et al. (2013) reviewed ten common learning techniques. Practice testing and spacing practice over time received the highest utility ratings, while re-reading and highlighting were rated low. Short, low-stakes retrieval at the start or end of each session is one of the simplest changes a lecturer can make.
Peer discussion works, especially on hard questions
Smith et al. (2009) showed that after discussing a concept question with peers, students did better on a new question about the same concept, even when no one in the group had known the answer at first. The gains were largest for the hardest questions, so discussion prompts should be difficult enough to produce disagreement.
Give feedback students can act on
Hattie and Timperley (2007) found feedback to be one of the most powerful influences on learning, but its effect depends on the kind of feedback given. Feedback about the task and how to improve helps far more than praise. Frequent low-stakes checks give students information while they can still use it.
Prepare students for the effort
In randomised physics classes at Harvard, Deslauriers et al. (2019) found that students learned more from active learning but felt they had learned less, because the extra effort felt like confusion. Explaining this to students early protects engagement.
The common failure mode
Programmes that add active techniques without changing assessment often see engagement rise while results stay flat, because examinations still reward memorisation. Lasting gains require assessment to change alongside the classroom.
References
- Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. P. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(23), 8410-8415. doi:10.1073/pnas.1319030111
- Dunlosky, J., Rawson, K. A., Marsh, E. J., Nathan, M. J., & Willingham, D. T. (2013). Improving students’ learning with effective learning techniques. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 14(1), 4-58. doi:10.1177/1529100612453266
- Smith, M. K., Wood, W. B., Adams, W. K., Wieman, C., Knight, J. K., Guild, N., & Su, T. T. (2009). Why peer discussion improves student performance on in-class concept questions. Science, 323(5910), 122-124. doi:10.1126/science.1165919
- Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81-112. doi:10.3102/003465430298487
- Deslauriers, L., McCarty, L. S., Miller, K., Callaghan, K., & Kestin, G. (2019). Measuring actual learning versus feeling of learning in response to being actively engaged in the classroom. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(39), 19251-19257. doi:10.1073/pnas.1821936116
Flipping a classroom is less about recording lecture videos and more about redesigning what happens during contact time. Two large meta-analyses published in 2019 found that, on average, flipped classrooms produce a small improvement in learning compared with traditional teaching (van Alten et al., 2019; Låg & Sæle, 2019). The design details explain much of the difference between courses that benefit and courses that do not.
Phase 1: Redesign one module, not the whole course
Pick the module students have historically found hardest. Move the foundational content into short pre-class materials and use the contact time for applied problem-solving.
Phase 2: Make pre-class work accountable
- A short check on the pre-class material, such as a quiz
- No in-class repeat of content students were asked to prepare
- Clear expectations about arriving prepared
This matters: van Alten et al. found larger learning gains when quizzes were added to flipped courses.
Phase 3: Keep the contact time and redesign it
The same study found better results when face-to-face time was kept rather than reduced. Class time should default to case work, problem sets or industry-style challenges built on the APEX cycle, with faculty circulating as coaches rather than presenting from the front.
The most common concern: coverage
Faculty often worry they will cover less. The answer lies in the design: foundational content moves to short pre-class materials, and contact time is used for the application that lectures rarely leave time for. Flipping is not a way to save teaching time; it works when class time is redesigned, not when it is cut.
References
- van Alten, D. C. D., Phielix, C., Janssen, J., & Kester, L. (2019). Effects of flipping the classroom on learning outcomes and satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 28. doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2019.05.003
- Låg, T., & Sæle, R. G. (2019). Does the flipped classroom improve student learning and satisfaction? A systematic review and meta-analysis. AERA Open, 5(3). doi:10.1177/2332858419870489
The World Economic Forum’s Future of Jobs Report 2025 draws on more than 1,000 employers representing over 14 million workers across 55 economies. Employers expect 39% of workers’ core skills to change between 2025 and 2030. Analytical thinking remains the most sought-after core skill, considered essential by seven out of ten companies. The question for universities is not which skills matter, but how to build them deliberately rather than hoping they emerge as a by-product of a degree.
Six skills from the report
- Analytical thinking: breaking down complex problems and reasoning from evidence
- Resilience, flexibility and agility: performing well through change and setbacks
- Leadership and social influence: coordinating people and ideas across teams
- Creative thinking: reframing problems and generating new options
- Technological literacy, including AI and big data: the fastest-growing skills in the report
- Curiosity and lifelong learning: the habit of continuing to learn after graduation
Why lecture-and-exam teaching under-builds these skills
Traditional lecture and examination sequences reward individual recall under controlled conditions. These six skills develop under almost the opposite conditions: ambiguous problems, teamwork, real stakes and repeated feedback.
Building the skills through projects
Project-Based Personalized Learning gives students repeated, assessed practice in all six. The evidence for project-based learning is encouraging: a meta-analysis of 30 studies covering 12,585 students in nine countries found a medium-to-large positive effect on academic achievement compared with traditional instruction (Chen & Yang, 2019). Map each skill to a project stage and assess it with a shared rubric, so capability is visible rather than assumed.
References
- World Economic Forum (2025). The Future of Jobs Report 2025. Geneva: World Economic Forum. weforum.org
- Chen, C.-H., & Yang, Y.-C. (2019). Revisiting the effects of project-based learning on students’ academic achievement: A meta-analysis investigating moderators. Educational Research Review, 26, 71-81.
Institution-wide transformation almost never starts institution-wide. Programmes that reach scale follow a deliberate Diagnose, Design, Pilot, Measure and Scale sequence rather than attempting a big-bang rollout. The reason is quality: high-impact practices only deliver their benefits when they are done well (Kuh, 2008), and doing them well takes practice.
1. Diagnose
Before changing anything, map where students disengage, where employer feedback is weakest, and which faculty are already experimenting with active methods. This becomes the evidence base for the pilot proposal.
2. Design
Design a single pilot with a focused cohort, for example around 60 students across two or three courses, with success measures agreed in advance: engagement, assessed capability, and employer and faculty feedback.
3. Pilot
- Run for one full term with dedicated faculty support
- Collect evidence throughout, not only in a final survey
- Record difficulties honestly; they become the rollout playbook
4. Measure
Review the results against the agreed measures and decide whether to scale, adapt or stop.
5. Scale
Scaling succeeds when new faculty inherit the pilot playbook, not only the enthusiasm behind it: documented rubrics, onboarding materials and a support structure that does not depend on the original champion. Research on faculty change consistently identifies lack of training, time and incentives as the main barriers (Brownell & Tanner, 2012), so the scale-up plan should budget for all three.
References
- Kuh, G. D. (2008). High-impact educational practices: What they are, who has access to them, and why they matter. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges and Universities.
- Brownell, S. E., & Tanner, K. D. (2012). Barriers to faculty pedagogical change: Lack of training, time, incentives, and tensions with professional identity? CBE Life Sciences Education, 11(4), 339-346. doi:10.1187/cbe.12-09-0163
The evidence for active learning is strong (Freeman et al., 2014), and most universities already have faculty who teach through projects, discussion and real problems. What decides whether that practice spreads, or quietly disappears when those faculty move on, is a small set of decisions that sit above any single course. They belong to the Vice-Chancellor or President, the Provost and the Deans.
1. Decide what the change is for
“Active learning” is a method, not a goal. Leaders who succeed name the institutional outcome first: graduates who can demonstrate capability, stronger employer relationships, or accreditation evidence collected as teaching happens. A clear purpose tells faculty why the extra effort matters and gives the leadership team a way to judge progress.
2. Protect faculty time
Research on why faculty do not change how they teach points again and again to the same barriers: lack of training, time and incentives (Brownell & Tanner, 2012). Leaders can address all three directly:
- a workload allowance for faculty redesigning a course
- recognition of teaching innovation in appraisal and promotion
- practical support, such as session designs, coaching and a community of practice
3. Change what gets assessed
Students take seriously what is assessed. If examinations still reward recall, project work will be treated as optional. Academic boards can allow project outputs, presentations, peer review and rubric-based assessment of capabilities to count towards grades, mapped to programme learning outcomes.
4. Own the industry relationships
When industry projects depend on one faculty member’s contacts, they end when that person leaves. A central owner for partnerships, standard agreements covering confidentiality and intellectual property, and one point of contact for employers turn goodwill into a lasting pipeline of real problems.
5. Decide in advance what evidence will count
High-impact practices deliver when they are done well (Kuh, 2008). Before a pilot starts, agree what success looks like, who will review the results and when. That turns the next decision, whether to scale, adapt or stop, into a matter of evidence rather than opinion.
The first 90 days
- Name a senior sponsor who removes obstacles, not only approves budgets
- Choose one programme and a focused cohort for a pilot
- Agree the success measures and the review date before teaching begins
- Give the pilot faculty time, support and visible recognition
References
- Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. P. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(23), 8410-8415. doi:10.1073/pnas.1319030111
- Brownell, S. E., & Tanner, K. D. (2012). Barriers to faculty pedagogical change: Lack of training, time, incentives, and tensions with professional identity? CBE Life Sciences Education, 11(4), 339-346. doi:10.1187/cbe.12-09-0163
- Kuh, G. D. (2008). High-impact educational practices: What they are, who has access to them, and why they matter. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges and Universities.
Proposals for project-based learning, flipped classrooms or industry projects often arrive with enthusiasm and little detail. The research is clear that design and execution decide the outcome: high-impact practices deliver when they are done well (Kuh, 2008), and flipped designs work better when class time is protected and preparation is checked (van Alten et al., 2019). These questions help leaders judge whether a proposal is ready for a pilot.
About the problem
- Which specific gap in learning, capability or employability will this address?
- How do we know the gap exists: student results, employer feedback, graduate outcomes?
- Who is already affected by it, and do they support this approach?
About the design
- Which programme, courses and student cohort are included in the first phase?
- How will students be assessed, and how does that map to programme learning outcomes?
- What will change in the classroom each week, not only in the course description?
About faculty
- Which faculty will lead it, and what training and coaching will they receive?
- What time allowance and recognition do they have? Lack of training, time and incentives are the most cited barriers to teaching change (Brownell & Tanner, 2012).
- Who will they turn to when a session does not go as planned?
About partners
- If industry is involved, who owns the relationship and the project agreements?
- How will projects be scoped so they are fair to assess and useful to the partner?
About evidence and scale
- What will we measure, from when, and who will review it?
- What result would lead us to expand it, adapt it or stop it?
- If it works, what would it take to run it in three more programmes?
A proposal that answers most of these clearly is ready for a pilot. One that cannot is not a failure: the unanswered questions show exactly where to start.
References
- Kuh, G. D. (2008). High-impact educational practices: What they are, who has access to them, and why they matter. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges and Universities.
- van Alten, D. C. D., Phielix, C., Janssen, J., & Kester, L. (2019). Effects of flipping the classroom on learning outcomes and satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 28. doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2019.05.003
- Brownell, S. E., & Tanner, K. D. (2012). Barriers to faculty pedagogical change: Lack of training, time, incentives, and tensions with professional identity? CBE Life Sciences Education, 11(4), 339-346. doi:10.1187/cbe.12-09-0163
Gen Z, broadly those born between the late 1990s and the early 2010s, now fills most undergraduate classrooms. Large international and national studies point the same way: young people want learning that is clearly connected to their futures, and many are not sure they are getting it.
Questioning the value of a degree
Deloitte’s 2025 survey of 23,482 Gen Zs and millennials across 44 countries found that 31% of Gen Z respondents had decided not to pursue higher education. Concerns about the quality of education and its relevance to the job market featured among the reasons respondents gave.
Optimistic, but not prepared
In the United States, Gallup and the Walton Family Foundation’s 2024 Voices of Gen Z study found that only about half of Gen Z (51%) felt prepared for the future. Engagement was the strongest predictor: the most engaged school students were ten times more likely than the least engaged to strongly agree that they felt prepared.
What this means for universities
- Make relevance visible. Connect courses to real problems, employers and careers. In the 2026 Voices of Gen Z study, 71% of students who said adults talked with them about their future at least weekly felt prepared, compared with about half of those who rarely or never had these conversations.
- Run projects in short cycles. The same study found students responded best to self-paced learning and short in-class projects, while fewer than three in ten enjoyed semester-long projects. Break long projects into short sprints with visible milestones and feedback.
- Build belonging. About one in three students said they did not feel they belonged at school or were not comfortable asking questions in class. Small teams and structured peer discussion give every student a role.
The Gallup studies survey young people in the United States, many of them school students about to enter higher education; the Deloitte survey covers 44 countries. Universities should test these patterns with their own students, which is what a readiness assessment and a focused pilot are designed to do.
References
- Deloitte (2025). 2025 Gen Z and Millennial Survey. Survey of 23,482 respondents in 44 countries.
- Gallup and Walton Family Foundation (2024). Voices of Gen Z Study: Year 2 Annual Survey Report. waltonfamilyfoundation.org
- Gallup and Walton Family Foundation (2026). Voices of Gen Z Study. waltonfamilyfoundation.org
Generative AI is now part of how students learn. The Digital Education Council’s 2024 Global AI Student Survey of 3,839 university students in 16 countries found that 86% use AI in their studies and 54% use it at least weekly. Yet about half did not feel ready to use AI well, and 80% said their university’s integration of AI did not fully meet their expectations.
What AI changes
Tasks that only ask students to reproduce information, such as summaries, standard essays and recall questions, are the tasks AI tools complete most easily. Assessment built only on those tasks now tells a university less about what a student can actually do.
Why applied learning is the stronger response
Projects, live problems, presentations and peer discussion ask students to make judgements, explain their reasoning and respond to questions in real time. These methods also have a strong evidence base: active learning improves exam performance and reduces failure rates compared with traditional lecturing (Freeman et al., 2014). Employers want both kinds of capability: the World Economic Forum’s Future of Jobs Report 2025 lists AI and big data as the fastest-growing skills, alongside analytical and creative thinking.
Practical steps
- Teach AI use openly. Define where AI is allowed in each task and how students should acknowledge it.
- Assess the process, not only the product. Use milestones, drafts, reflections and short oral explanations.
- Use class time for application. Students can prepare with any tools they like, then apply and defend their thinking in class.
- Prepare students for productive struggle. In randomised classes, students learned more from active learning but felt they learned less, because the effort felt like confusion (Deslauriers et al., 2019). Explaining this helps students stay engaged.
References
- Digital Education Council (2024). Global AI Student Survey 2024. Survey of 3,839 students in 16 countries. digitaleducationcouncil.com
- Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. P. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(23), 8410-8415. doi:10.1073/pnas.1319030111
- World Economic Forum (2025). The Future of Jobs Report 2025. Geneva: World Economic Forum. weforum.org
- Deslauriers, L., McCarty, L. S., Miller, K., Callaghan, K., & Kestin, G. (2019). Measuring actual learning versus feeling of learning in response to being actively engaged in the classroom. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(39), 19251-19257. doi:10.1073/pnas.1821936116